Matter Mac OS

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This website contains software on TWO Topics:

SER - Soft Error Rates from Cosmic Rays (see bottom of this page)

Mystery double key presses are a well-documented issue with some MacBook Pro, MacBook Air, and MacBook computers, and while it's not clear what causes the issue or how widespread the problem is, if you're encountering the double typing issue yourself, you may find a settings change in Mac OS can help reduce the frequency, or even fix it entirely. Does order matter when you upgrade macOS? If your current operating system is OS X Lion (10.7), you can skip a few versions, and upgrade directly to macOS High Sierra. To upgrade to Sierra from, say, Mavericks, you'll have to consequently upgrade to Yosemite and then to El Capitan first. Check Your macOS for Sierra Compatibility. TransMac on Windows 10. Right-click the USB flash drive, select the Format Disk for Mac option from the left navigation pane. Format Disk for Mac using GPT partition. Quick note: You want to do this before creating the bootable media because there is a good chance that the drive was formatted using a Windows device. Native desktop application for Mattermost running on Windows, Mac, and Linux. Originally created as 'electron-mattermost' by Yuya Ochiai. Developed using Electron. Features Desktop integration. Tabs for multiple teams across multiple servers; Desktop Notifications Windows 10: Toast; Windows 7-8.1: Popup like Toast; OS X: Notification Center. Explore the world of Mac. Check out MacBook Pro, MacBook Air, iMac, Mac mini, and more. Visit the Apple site to learn, buy, and get support.

NEW !100 Years of Ion Stopping2300+ Papers Listed and Results Plotted !!

SRIM Textbook

SRIM / TRIM

Introduction

Historical Review

Download SRIM-2013

Details of SRIM-2013

SRIM

Install Problems

Stopping in Compounds

SRIM Tutorials

High Energy Stopping

Theory & Experiments

Download TRIM Manual

Part-1, Part-2

Ranges of Ions

Stopping, Range and Damage by Neutrons

Including SRIM in

SRIM - Supporting Analytic Software

SREM - Stopping and Range of Electrons

SRIM Web Statistics

Above links inGreen are links to other websites.

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Software -

SRIM is a collection of software packages which calculate many features of the transport of ions in matter. Typical applications include:

·Ion Stopping and Range in Targets: Most aspects of the energy loss of ions in matter are calculated in SRIM, theStopping and Range of Ions in Matter. SRIM includes quick calculations which produce tables of stopping powers, range and straggling distributions for any ion at any energy in any elemental target. More elaborate calculations include targets with complex multi-layer configurations.

·Ion Implantation: Ion beams are used to modify samples by injecting atoms to change the target chemical and electronic properties. The ion beam also causes damage to solid targets by atom displacement. Most of the kinetic effect s associated with the physics of this kind of interactions are found in the SRIM package.

·Sputtering: The ion beam may knock out target atoms, a process called ion sputtering. The calculation of sputtering, by any ion at any energy, is included in the SRIM package.

·Ion Transmission: Ion beams can be followed through mixed gas/solid target layers, such as occurs in ionization chambers or in energy degrader blocks used to reduce ion beam energies.

·Ion Beam Therapy: Ion beams are widely used in medical therapy, especially in radiation oncology. Typical applications are included.

Science -

The science of ion beams goes back almost a century to the earliest explanations of radioactive particles transiting thin films (1904). The field is so rich that it is difficult for a non-expert to understand any of the current papers in the field. But basically, the stopping of ions in matter can not be calculated from first principles. Hidden in stopping theories are parameters which normalize calculated stopping powers to existing data. The 'Science' section of SRIM will review the basic theories of the stopping of ions in matter. Then some of the major parameters are reviewed and it will be shown how they are derived from experimental data. Examples are shell corrections, mean ionization potentials, the effective charge of ions and the Fermi velocity of solids.

Over 2000 papers have been published in the experimental stopping of ions in solids. Experimental measurements of stopping powers is a difficult task, and there is wide variation in the results. Plots will show how existing stopping calculations compare to experimental data from these papers. Since the stopping calculations are based in great part on theory, the interpolation of stopping powers between various ions and targets is often more accurate than individual measurements, especially for difficult targets.

Technology

Soft Error Rates

Science of

Terrestrial Cosmic Rays

Introduction

History

Current Status (1MB)

Neutron Sea Level Flux

History of

Accelerated Testing

Neutron Spectrometers

Current Status

Accelerated Testing

Above links inGreen are not yet active.

Although this subject is more about the effects of energetic hadrons on terrestrial electronics than about ion beams, it is scientifically in a similar field (hadrons = protons, neutrons and pions, i.e. particles which respond to the nuclear force / strong interaction). The science and technology about cosmic ray induced soft fails was considered proprietary by IBM for more than 15 years. In 1996, a complete issue of the IBM Journal of Research and Development was devoted to reviewing this work. A summary of the issue, and the complete first article (the 15 year history of the development of the IBM scientific understanding of soft fails from radiation) is given at IBM J. R.& D.

The scientific history of this field is reviewed in detail. The field is not static because the technology of integrated circuits is still rapidly changing and the effects of cosmic rays on integrated circuits (ICs) show trends which are not well understood. The trends in the sensitivity of ICs to cosmic rays are reviewed for SRAMs, DRAMs and logic over the last 15 years.

Fundamental to any estimates of the fail rate of ICs is an understanding of the ambient flux of cosmic rays in the environment. As this flux has been investigated over the last 15 years, it has become fuzzier rather than more precise. Previous measurements of the ambient flux which were considered reliable have been shown to be suspect. New measurements rarely agree with past measurements. Recent reports of the flux of sea level cosmic ray hadrons vary by more than 10x, even though they were performed by highly competent scientists. The problem will probably be resolved by understanding that the immediate materials nearby an experiment can have significant effect on the measured flux. The field of the terrestrial flux of cosmic rays will be reviewed.

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The classic OS X 10.12, or rather macOS upgrade, introduced tons of features anyone would still want on their Mac. Why? Because, it's well-tested and secure. Now we'll take a quick look at the legendary macOS Sierra upgrade. (In case you want to upgrade your Mac to macOS 10.13 High Sierra, check out this guide.)

Interestingly, it first brought Siri to your Mac. This is great news for everyone who's already used to her help on iOS. Then, there's Watch unlocking for Mac, there's one-click Apple Pay, tabs in apps, and cross-device copypasting. Just to name a few.

So, if you were on the fence about upgrading to Sierra, and in fact, any newer OS, go right ahead. Your Mac deserves a refreshment.

LEARN MORE: macOS High Sierra 10.13 - The New Features That Matter

How to upgrade macOS: Sierra 10.12 compatibility list

As with the previous versions, macOS Sierra is available for a limited list of Mac models.
Here are the models of Macs that are compatible with macOS 10.12 and can upgrade to Sierra:

MacBook ProMacBook AirMac mini
Mid 2010 or newerLate 2010 or newerMid 2010 or newer
Mac Pro®MacBookiMac
Mid 2010 or newerLate 2009 or newerLate 2009 or newer

Does order matter when you upgrade macOS?

If your current operating system is OS X Lion (10.7), you can skip a few versions, and upgrade directly to macOS High Sierra. To upgrade to Sierra from, say, Mavericks, you'll have to consequently upgrade to Yosemite and then to El Capitan first.

Check Your macOS for Sierra Compatibility

These OS versions can upgrade to Sierra:

  • OS X Mountain Lion v10.8
  • OS X Mavericks v10.9
  • OS X Yosemite v10.10
  • OS X El Capitan v10.11

Here's how to find out which OS version you're running now:

  1. Click Apple icon in the top left corner.
  2. Choose About this Mac.
  3. There you have it, in capital letters.

Memory (RAM): 2 GB (preferably 4 GB)
Sierra is pretty lightweight, so you only need 2 GB of RAM to upgrade. Cool, eh?

Matter Mac OS

Disk space: 8 GB of free space on drive.
In the same About this Mac menu select 'Storage' tab. In front of the multi-colored bar, you will see the phrase, 'X.XX GB free out of XX.XX GB.' If you don't have at least 8 GB of free space, you should delete some old files.

Before you update macOS, don't forget to:

Clean up your Mac

This is essential if you want a fast and effortless update, and glitchless work of your new macOS. And it's also pretty easy. To give your Mac a cleanup, you need to get rid of system junk, uninstall extra apps, and clean some old caches. If that sounds like a lot of work, you can get a Mac cleaner like CleanMyMac for the job.

How to update your Mac: Clean it up first

  1. Launch it.
  2. Hit Scan to find all the extra files you can delete.
  3. Press Run.

As you can see, I have 8.56 GB worth of caches, obsolete language files, broken downloads. You'll feel great getting rid of them.
That will give your Mac a basic system cleanup, but CleanMyMac is going to come in handy after the update as well. It monitors your Mac's health, helps you speed up the system and remove unnecessary apps (Trashing doesn't fully uninstall apps, by the way).

Back up your Mac Engine evolution mac os.

This is basic common sense before any Mac software update you'd like to undertake. Why? Well, because sometimes updates happen less smoothly than you'd like them to. To make sure you have all your information and files saved up neatly, you need a backup. To back up your Mac, you need to activate Time Machine.

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Disk space: 8 GB of free space on drive.
In the same About this Mac menu select 'Storage' tab. In front of the multi-colored bar, you will see the phrase, 'X.XX GB free out of XX.XX GB.' If you don't have at least 8 GB of free space, you should delete some old files.

Before you update macOS, don't forget to:

Clean up your Mac

This is essential if you want a fast and effortless update, and glitchless work of your new macOS. And it's also pretty easy. To give your Mac a cleanup, you need to get rid of system junk, uninstall extra apps, and clean some old caches. If that sounds like a lot of work, you can get a Mac cleaner like CleanMyMac for the job.

How to update your Mac: Clean it up first

  1. Launch it.
  2. Hit Scan to find all the extra files you can delete.
  3. Press Run.

As you can see, I have 8.56 GB worth of caches, obsolete language files, broken downloads. You'll feel great getting rid of them.
That will give your Mac a basic system cleanup, but CleanMyMac is going to come in handy after the update as well. It monitors your Mac's health, helps you speed up the system and remove unnecessary apps (Trashing doesn't fully uninstall apps, by the way).

Back up your Mac Engine evolution mac os.

This is basic common sense before any Mac software update you'd like to undertake. Why? Well, because sometimes updates happen less smoothly than you'd like them to. To make sure you have all your information and files saved up neatly, you need a backup. To back up your Mac, you need to activate Time Machine.

  • Open your Applications folder.
  • Choose Time Machine.
  • 'Select Backup Disk…'
    Note: You may need to first choose to 'Set Up Time Machine.'
  • Choose where you'd like to store your backup.
  • Both an external drive or an Airport Time Capsule fit.
  • Switch the toggle on the left, from 'OFF' to 'ON.' Right beneath the name of your storage device, you'll see 'Oldest backup,' 'Latest backup,' and 'Next backup' — Your backup will begin within 5 minutes. To speed it up, click the arrow clock icon next to the Date & Time at the top-right of the menu bar and select 'Back Up Now.'

How to download macOS Sierra (or newer macOS) and install it

macOS Sierra is increasingly becoming a relic. Since 2020, the newest available macOS version is Big Sur. But it all comes down to hardware. Your Mac can only upgrade to the latest version its hardware can support. If your Mac is from around 2012 it can update as high up as to macOS Catalina. If your Mac is from 2010 or older, its limit is macOS High Sierra.

To download any new macOS and install it you'll need to do the next:
1. Open System Preferences.. in the  Apple menu.
2. Click on Software Updates.
On top of the list you'll see the latest macOS version your Mac can download. In our case, it's macOS Big Sur.

Another way to do it is via the Mac App Store.

  1. Open App Store.
  2. Click the Updates tab.
  3. You'll see macOS updates available for your Mac.
  4. Click Update.

Wait for macOS download and installation. Your Mac will restart when it's done.

Matter Mac Os Download

Now you have a new OS.
For historic interest, this is how macOS Sierra looked back then when it was still available in the Mac App Store. Now, it can't be found there anymore.

Matter Mac Os X

Download macOS installers directly from Apple

Matter Mac Os Update

For users of past operating systems Apple created a handy a list of macOS installers. They go as far back as to macOS Yosemite. The first 3 of them will open and start the update process automatically.

  • macOS High Sierra 10.13
    The 3 following installers will download macOS as a disk image (.dmg) After you unpack it, the macOS updater app will appear in your Applications.

Matter Mos

We hope this guide has been of use, and don't forget to clean up your Mac and back it up before you get the classic macOS! Zoa - the microscopic hero mac os. Cheers.





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